A influência do oxido nítrico na fisiopatologia da neuropatia glaucomatosa / The influence of nitric oxide on the pathophysiology of glaucomatous neuropathy

Resumo O oxido nitrico (NO) é um fator relaxante derivado do endotélio e um potente vasodilatador que impacta em vários sistemas em todo o corpo. Estudos comprovam que o fluxo sanguíneo ocular basal é regulado pelo NO, sendo um importante regulador da homeostase, especialmente dentro dos tecidos uveais. A disfunção da produção de NO seria associado ao glaucoma através da alteração da perfusão da cabeça do nervo óptico associado ao aumento da pressão intraocular devido um sistema de drenagem trabecular deficiente. O NO tornou-se uma molécula atraente para o tratamento do glaucoma devido a possibilidade de modulação da drenagem trabecular, abaixando a pressão intraocular e ação neuroprotetora melhorando a perfusão sanguínea na cabeça do nervo óptico.

Abstract Nitric Oxide (NO) is a relaxing endothelium-derived factor and a potent vasodilator that impacts various systems throughout the body. Proven studies of basal ocular blood flow are regulated by NO, being an important regulator of homeostasis, especially within the uveal tissues. The dysfunction of the production associated with glaucoma due to alteration of the optic nerve head associated to the increase of the intraocular pressure by a deficient trabecular meshwork. NO became an attractive molecule for the treatment of glaucoma due to a modulation of the trabecular meshwork, lowering the neuroprotective intra and ocular pressure for a blood surgery in the head of the optic nerve.

Correlation between blood cAMP, cGMP levels and traumatic severity in the patients with acute trauma and its clinical significance / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In order to investigate the correlation between traumatic servity and blood cAMP and cGMP levels in the patients with acute trauma and its clinical significance, 120 cases of trauma were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups (n = 30 in each group): mildly traumatic group (ISS 25). The cAMP and cGMP levels were assayed in sera, leucocytes and platelets respectively in 6 h and 24 h after trauma. The results showed that cAMP and cGMP levels were elevated significantly in sera and platelets (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), meanwhile cGMP levels in leucocytes (P < 0.05). It was concluded that cAMP and cGMP might play an important role in traumatic stress, participate in the cellular signal transducation and promote the immune function of leucocytes and the coagulation founction of platelets. Serum cAMP and cGMP levels were upregulated correspondingly as ISS increased, and positively correlated to the traumatic severity.

Cyclic guanosine 3 ',5 ' - monophospha-te [cGMP] in patients with different types of acute leukemia before and after chemotherapy

Plasma cyclic guanosine 3', 5'- monophosphate [cGMP] and urinary excretion of the nucleotide were measured in patients with acute leukemia. Ten patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL], ten with acute myetoblastic leukemia [AML] as well as ten healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Samples were measured at presentation and after completion of inducttion chemotherapy. Statistically significant elevated levels of cGMP were found in leukemic patients compared to the controls. Highly significant difference was demonstrated in comparing pre-treatment to post-treatment levels of the nucleotide. A positive correlation was found between the level of plasma cGMP and the blast count in the bone marrow. There was no statistically significant difference between the levels of cGMP in different types of leukemia [ALL versus AML]. In patients who failed to attain complete remission, the level of cGMP remained high and it rised in those who relapsed even before blast invasion. It is concluded that cGMP is a good tumour marker in acute leukemia and it is useful in monitoring response to treatment or relapse